When learning German, one of the first grammar points we encounter is the article system. Every noun in German has a gender (masculine(der), feminine(die), neuter(das)) and can also appear in singular or plural. Articles are very important because they stand in front of nouns and give us information about the gender, number, and case.

Today, we will focus on:

✅ What is the Nominativ case?
✅ What is a Substantiv (noun)?
✅ The types of articles in German
✅ The definite articles (der, die, das) in the nominative case
✅ Many examples with people and things

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What is the Nominativ Case?

The Nominativ is the case used for the subject of a sentence.
It answers the questions:

• Wer? → Who? (for people)
• Was? → What? (for things)

👉 Examples:

• Alex ist ledig. (Alex is single.)
  • Subject: Alex → Nominativ
  • Verb: ist (depends on subject)
• Das Haus ist groß. (The house is big.)
  • Subject: Das Haus → Nominativ
  • Verb: ist

💡 Rule:
A sentence (Satz) in German = Subject (Nominativ) + Verb
The verb always agrees with the subject.

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What is a Substantiv (Noun)?

A Nomen / Substantiv in German can refer to:

• Person (wer?) → Example: der Mann, die Frau, das Kind
• Sache / Ding (was?) → Example: das Haus, der Apfel, die Katze

Examples:

• Wer ist das? – Das ist Alex.
  (Who is this? – This is Alex.)
• Was ist das? – Das ist ein Bus.
  (What is this? – This is a bus.)

👉 In German, nouns are always capitalized and always used with an article.

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Types of Articles in German

There are 3 types of articles:

1. Bestimmte Artikel (Definite Articles) → der, die, das (the)
2. Unbestimmte Artikel (Indefinite Articles) → ein, eine (a/an)
3. Negationsartikel → kein, keine (no/none)

In this lesson, we focus on the definite articles in the nominative case.

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Bestimmte Artikel im Nominativ

The definite articles tell us if the noun is masculine, feminine, neuter, or plural.

Singular	Plural
Maskulin (m.) → der	die
Feminin (f.) → die	die
Neutrum (n.) → das	die

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Examples in Singular

• Maskulin:
  • Der Mann ist glücklich. (The man is happy.)
  • Der Apfel ist rot. (The apple is red.)
• Feminin:
  • Die Frau trinkt Wein. (The woman drinks wine.)
  • Die Katze ist freundlich. (The cat is friendly.)
• Neutrum:
  • Das Baby ist süß. (The baby is sweet.)
  • Das Haus ist groß. (The house is big.)

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Examples in Plural

• Die Kinder spielen. (The children are playing.)
• Die Bücher sind bunt. (The books are colorful.)

👉 Notice that in plural, the article is always die, no matter the gender.

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Shortcut Trick

Sometimes learners use short forms:

• R = der (masculine)
• E = die (feminine/plural)
• S = das (neuter)

Example table:

Singular→ Plural
der Mann (R) → die Männer (E)
die Frau (E) → die Frauen (E)
das Baby (S) → die Babys (E)

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Quick Recap

• The Nominativ case is for the subject of a sentence.
• It answers Wer? (who) and Was? (what).
• Every noun (Substantiv) in German has a gender and comes with an article.
• Definite articles (Bestimmte Artikel) in nominative are:
  • der (m.), die (f.), das (n.), die (pl.)
• Nouns are always written with a capital letter.

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✨ With this knowledge, you can already form many simple German sentences like:

• Der Mann arbeitet. (The man works.)
• Die Frau lacht. (The woman laughs.)
• Das Kind spielt. (The child plays.)
• Die Hunde schlafen. (The dogs sleep.)

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The key to mastering German articles is to always learn the article together with the noun. Don’t just learn Mann, learn der Mann. Don’t just learn Haus, learn das Haus. This habit will make your German learning journey much smoother.